Published  by 

INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS  OF  THE  WORLD 

1001  West  Madison  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


ONE  BIG  UNION 
OF  THE  I .  W.  W. 

(CHART  INCLUDED) 


PRICE  TEN  CENTS 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS  OF  THE  WORLD 
1001  WEST  MADISON  ST.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


Printed  by  the  Printing  and  Publishing  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  450,  I,  W.  W 


One  Big  Union  of  the  I.W.W. 

Social  relations  are  the  reflex  of  the  grouping  of  industrial 
possessions.  The  owners  of  all  resources  and  means  of  wealth 
form  a  class  by  themselves;  the  owners  of  labor  power,  as  their 
only  possession  in  the  market,  another.  Political,  judicial,  edu¬ 
cational  and  other  institutions  only  mirror  the  prevailing  system 
of  ownership  i'n  the  resources  and  means  of  production. 

One  class — ^the  capitalist  class — owns  and  controls  the  social 
necessaries,  to  wit:  the  economic  resources  of  the  world.  That 
class,  for  its  own  protection  and  perpetuation  in  power,  subjects 
all  institutions  to  its  own  interests.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
is  a  class — ^the  working  class — which  is  eventually  to  change  the 
whole  system  of  the  ownership  of  the  means  of  production. 
Intelligent  workers  realize  that  immediately  following  the 
change,  these  social  relations  will  also  be  shifted;  institutions 
deriving  their  support  and  sustenance  from  the  class  in  power 
will  be  made  to  conform  to  new  conditions  after  the  overthrow 
of  the  existing  industrial  system. 

Social  structures  collapse  as  a  result  of  ever  recurring  changes 
in  their  economic  foundation.  But  the  new  structure  is  not  a 
ready-made  product  of  each  of  the  epochs  of  reconstruction.  A 
historic  process  of  evolution  reaches  a  climax  in  a  revolutionary 
upheaval.  Achievements  of  preceding  epochs  are  always  utilized 
in  the  constructive  work  of  a  never-resting,  always  advancing 
civilization. 

Decaying  elements  render  nourishment  to  Mother  Earth  for 
the  generation  of  new  species  and  structures.  Nothing  is  lost  in 
the  reciprocal  process  of  nature.  Precisely  so  in  social  systems. 
Achievements  of  social  and  industrial  evolutions  are  always  pre¬ 
served  after  a  revolutionary  climax  removes  all  obstacles  to 
further  developments.  Only  the  class  previously  dominating 
the  policies  and  actions  of  the  social  institutions  is  supplanted 
by  the  revolutionary  change;  ownership  in  the  means  of  life  is 
shifted  to  another  class. 


3 


Capitalist  ownership  of  industries  had  its  origin  in  the  un¬ 
folding  of  conditions  which  hastened  the  downfall  of  the  feudal 
system,  and  the  advent  of  the  capitalist  class  to  power. 

Working  class  control  of  industries,  by  all  engaged  in  the 
process  of  production,  must  build  its  foundation  on  the  highly 
perfected  form  and  methods  of  production,  and  upon  the  con¬ 
ditions  which  accelerate  the  passing  away  of  the  capitalist  sys¬ 
tem  of  ownership  in  the  instruments  of  production  and  distri¬ 
bution. 

The  feudal  lords  had  to  surrender  their  scepter  to  the  ascend¬ 
ing  bourgeoise,  better  known  today  as  the  capitalist  class.  The 
latter,  at  the  outset,  had  in  view  only  the  free  development  of 
all  forces  of  production,  in  an  era  of  unrestricted  competition 
between  individuals.  When,  over  a  century  ago,  the  change 
was  consumated  by  revolutions,  the  instruments  of  production 
were  more  equally  distributed.  They  were  in  possession  of  a 
multitude  of  victorious  capitalists,  who  owned  small  enterprises. 
Most  people  believed  that  in  such  a  competitive  system,  as  was 
then  established,  every  one  would  have  a  chance  to  rise  to  a 
superior  station  in  life.  The  instruments  of  production  were  not 
then  highly  developed.  Handicraft  in  the  operation  of  small 
machines,  or  in  the  use  of  tools,  still  predominated.  Small 
capital  only  was  required  in  starting  the  manufacture  of  things 
for  small  margins  of  profits. 

This  epoch,  beginning  with  the  revolution  of  the  “Third 
Estate”  in  France,  found  its  counterpart  in  the  revolution  of 
the  American  people  against  British  semi-feudalistic  rule.  Since 
then  the  forms,  methods  and  yield  of  production  have  rapidly 
developed  in  every  industrially  developed  country.  The  owner¬ 
ship  of  the  means  of  production  have  been  centralized  ever 
more  into  fewer  and  fewer  hands.  With  the  centralization  of 
the  means  of  production  and  distribution,  the  agencies  protect¬ 
ing  the  new  interests  in  power  also  grew  proportionately. 
Gradually  all  elements  that  obscured  the  line  of  cleavage,  be¬ 
tween  the  producers  of  wealth  and  the  class  that  expropor- 
tionated  all  economic  resources  of  the  world,  are  eliminated?® 

The  manufacturers  of  the  early  capitalist  era  were  found  o^f^ 
in  small  communities.  They  depended  upon  the  superiority  of 
the  embryonic  system  over  the  prevailing  handicraft  system,  and 
won  through  only  by  demonstrating  its  advantages.  Their  start 
was  circumscribed  and  handicapped  by  the  slow  and  cumber¬ 
some  methods  of  transportation  of  that  early  day.  The  coming 


4 


of  steam' had  yet  to  knit  localities  closer  together,  and  to  reduce 
the  oceans  to  ponds. 

In  this  process  of  transformation  other  things  are  to  be  ob¬ 
served.  Social  relations  are  shifting  with  the  change  in  forms 
of  the  ownership  of  the  means  of  production.  Social  strata  are 
fiercely  struggling  for  their  conservation,  in  vain.  There  is  no 
escape  from  the  inevitable  and  irretrievable  result  of  these  rapid 
changes  in  the  industrial  possessions  and  arrangements. 

The  howls  of  reactionaries  and  the  frantic  appeals  and 
clamors  of  reformers  will  not  in  the  least  effect  the  course  of 
events.  The  destructive  battles  of  trade  unions,  divided  up  in 
factions  and  sections  that  find  their  traditional  base  in  the  middle 
ages,  will  not  turn  back  the  wheel  that  rolls  on  with  irresistible 
and  crushing  force.- 

The  outcry,  so  often  heard  before,  redounds  in  vociferous 
strength  again:  “A  revolution!  A  revolution  is  needed  to  change 
these  conditions.”  It  voices  the  recognition  of  an  imperative 
social  need.  The  middle  class  is  frantic  in  its  despairful  wailings. 
They  are  successful  in  lining  up  a  large  political  following  of 
workers.  Millions  are  made  to  believe  that  an  impending  strug¬ 
gle  against  predatory  wealth  will  have  as  its  object  and  re¬ 
sult  the  restoration  of  by-gone  conditions,  or  the  enforcement 
of  restrictive  measures  for  curbing  further  concentration  in  the 
control  of  industries. 

But  the  workers  are  not,  and  should  not  be  concerned  in 
the  hopeless  struggles  of  a  decaying  element  of  society.  They 
have  a  historic  mission  to  perform;  a  mission  that  they  will 
carry  out,  despite  the  allurements  held  out  to  them  that  a 
restoration  of  past  conditions  would  accrue  to  their  benefit. 

The  workers  are  beginning  to  realize  that  in  the  constructive 
work  for  the  future  they  have  to  learn  the  facts  of  past  evolu¬ 
tions  and  revolutions.  And  from  these  facts,  expressed  in 
theories,  they  find  the  guide  for  the  course  that  they  have  to 
pursue  in  their  struggle  for  the  possession  of  the  earth,  and  the 
goods  that  they  alone  have  created.  That  growing  class  conscious 
portion  of  the  working  class  is  building  on  the  rockbed  of  his¬ 
toric  facts,  and  the  structure  to  be  erected  follows  the  principle 
that : 

“It  is  the  historic  mission  of  the  working  class  to  do  away 
with  capitalism — ^the  army  of  production  must  be  organized. 
By  organizing  industrially  the  workers  are  forming  the  structure 
of  the  new  society  within  the  shell  of  the  old.” 


5 


Some  definite  conclusions  must  be  dawn  from  the  previously 
established  premises.  It  is  the  heritage  of  the  working  class  to 
utilize  to  the  fullest  extent  the  great  achievements  of  the  pre¬ 
ceding  and  existing  processes  and  methods  of  production,  for 
the  benefits  of  all  useful  members  of  society. 

In  its  advent  to  power  and  supremacy  the  present  economic 
master  class  succeeded  another  that  had  decayed  i'n  the  process 
of  evolution.  This  mastery  of  the  present  owners  of  the  eco¬ 
nomic  resources  also  only  paves  the  way  for  successors.  Such 
is  the  inexorable  law  of  evolution. 

The  workers,  conscious  of  their  mission,  must  Recognize  the 
fact  that  the  industries  are  developing  to  the  highest  state  of 
perfection,  and  will  be  ready  for  operation  under  a  new  arrange¬ 
ment  of  things,  that  is,  after  the  class  now  in  possession  and 
control  of  them  have  gone  the  way  of  decay,  under  the  pressure 
of  the  advancing  force  of  an  industrially  organized  proletariat 
driving  toward  a  new  civilization. 

But  it  is  imperative  to  arrange  the  human  forces  of  pro¬ 
duction  for  the  operation  of  the  vast  resources  and  implements 
of  production  under  a  system  wherein  products  will  be  made 
for  use  alone.  To  build  and  to  arrange  correctly,  and  for  last-  . 
ing  purposes,  the  constructors  of  a  further  developed  industrial 
structure  must  possess  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  economic 
facts,  and  of  organizations  destined  to  accomplish  the  task. 
The  architects  must  know  the  proper  grouping  of  each  com¬ 
ponent  part  and  cell  in  the  composition  of  industrial  com¬ 
binations,  so  that,  when  harmony  in  the  industrial  relationship 
of  mankind  is  established,  it  will  be  reflected  in  the  harmonious 
social,  and  ethical  institutions  of  a  new  age. 

We  repeat:  Industrial  and  social  systems  are  not  ready¬ 
made  products.  In  their  changes,  from  one  stage  to  another, 
they  derive  their  propelling  forces  from  the  achievements  ahd 
accomplishments  of  every  preceding  epoch.  In  its  onward  course 
to  a  further  advanced  system,  mankind  is  going  to  utilize  all  that 
present  day  society  has  evolved  and  constructed.  This  the  work¬ 
ers  must  know,  and  then  they  will  also  learn  the  intricate,  inter¬ 
dependent  arrangements  of  the  component  parts  of  the  whole 
industrial  system.  Equipped  with  this  knowledge,  they  will  be 
able  to  construct  and  form  their  own  industrial  org  inizations, 
the  frame  structure  of  the  new  society,  accordingly.  By  learn¬ 
ing  the  social  relations  and  understanding  their  source,  they  can 
profit  and  prepare  to  change  the  industrial  structure  of  ,o  M\^ty, 
which,  as  a  matter  of  course,  will  determine  also  the  changes 

6 


in  the  social  character  of  the  system  which  is  bound  to  be  in¬ 
augurated.  And  this  is  the  problem.  The  working  class,  as 
the  promoter  and  supporter  of  a  higher  standard  of  social  re¬ 
lations  and  interrelations,  must  be  equipped  with  the  knowledge, 
must  construct  the  organizations,  by  which  the  cause  of  social 
classes  can  be  removed.  Industrial  inequality  is  the  source  of 
every  other  inequality  in  human  society.  The  change  in  the 
ownership  of  the  essentials  of  life  will  bring  automatically, 
so  to  say,  the  change  in  the  intercourse  and  the  associations, 
and  also  in  the  institutions  for  the  promotion  of  these  things  be¬ 
tween  the  human  beings  upon  the  globe. 

Good  will,  revolutionary  will  power,  determination,  courage, 
are  valuable  assets  in  the  struggle  for  the  change.  But  they  are, 
like  the  water  on  the  millwheels,  unconscious  of  the  great  serv¬ 
ice  that  they  are  rendering.  To  convert  force  and  power  into 
useful  operation  requires  intelligence.  And  that  intelligence 
must  guide  us  to  use  the  accumulated  force  for  a  defined  pur¬ 
pose.  That  purpose,  as  it  seems  to  be  agreed,  is  to  form  a  new 
social,  or  rather  industrial  structure  within  the  shell  of  the  old 
society.  To  accomplish  this  the  advocates,  the  militants  for 
the  new  society,  must  know  to  what  extent  the  present  factors 
in  industrial  development  have  organized  and  systematized  in¬ 
dustrial  production.  When  this  is  fully  understood  it  will  ex¬ 
plain  the  subsequent  domination  of  industrial  possession  over 
the  political,  social  and  other  agencies  in  present  day  and  pre¬ 
viously  existing  societies. 

The  workers  of  the  world,  conscious  of  their  historic  mission, 
will  learn  to  avoid  the  mistakes  they  would  make  should  they 
depend  upon  other  forces  than  their  own  industrial  power  for 
the  solution  of  the  world’s  problem.  Agencies  and  institutions 
deriving  their  lease  of  life  from  the  industrial  masters  of  today 
cannot  be  looked  to  for  support.  They  may  feign  being  in 
favor  of  radical  changes  in  the  effects.  They  will,  however, 
strenuously,  even  violently  oppose  any  attempt  at  destroying  the 
base,  or  the  cause.  They  will  strive  to  perpetuate  the  wages 
system  at  all  costs. 

The  working  class  alone  is  interested  in  the  removal  of  in¬ 
dustrial  inequality,  and  that  can  only  be  accomplished  by  a 
revolution  of  the  industrial  system.  The  workers,  in  their 
collectivity,  must  take  over  and  operate  all  the  essential  indus¬ 
trial  institutions,  the  means  of  production  and  disribution,  for 
the  well-being  of  all  the  human  elements  comprising  the  inter¬ 
national  wealth  producers. 


7 


No  destruction,  no  waste,  no  return  into  barbarism !  A  higher 
plane  for  civilization  is  to  be  achieved.  When  the  workers 
understand  how  the  industrial  system  of  today  has  developed, 
how  one  industrial  calling  dovetails  into  another,  and  all  com¬ 
prise  an  inseparable  whole,  they  will  not  wantonly  destroy  what 
generations  of  industrial  and  social  forces  have  brought  forth. 
The  workers  will  utilize  the  knowledge  of  ages  to  build  on  a 
solid  rockbed  the  foundation  of  a  new  industrial  and  social 
system. 

The  foundation  must  be  firm  a'nd  solid.  The  revolutionary 
climax,  after  an  incessant  course  of  evolutionary  processes  by 
which  forms  and  methods  undergo  changes,  will  eliminate  for¬ 
ever  the  cause  for  the  industrial  division  of  society  into  two 
hostile  camps.  Harmonious  relations  of  mankind  in  all  their 
material  affairs  will  evolve  out  of  the  change  in  the  control  and 
ownership  in  the  industrial  resources  of  the  world. 

That  accomplished,  the  men  and  women,  all  members  of  so¬ 
ciety  in  equal  enjoyment  of  all  the  good  things  and  comforts  of 
life,  will  be  the  arbiters  of  their  own  destinies  in  a  free  society. 

We  present,  with  this  introduction,  to  all  our  fellow  workers 
in  battle  and  strife,  a  portrait  of  industrial  combinations. 

ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ARRANGEMENT  OF  INDUSTRIES 
The  Chart  Expained  in  Detail  * 

The  main  purpose  of  this  chart  is  to  show  how  the  industries 
are  grouped  together  in  the  existing  arrangement  under  the 
capitalist  system  of  production. 

Production  begins  with  the  application  of  human  labor  to 
the  natural  resources  of  the  earth.  This  labor  is  applied  to 
extract  material  for  human  use  which  nature  generates,  or  has 
stored  up. 

Modern  production  involves  and  includes  all  classifications 
of  labor  in  the  present  complex  system.  Transportation  is  a 
productive  function  as  well  as  agriculture,  manufacturing  and 
mining.  These,  with  other  industries,  constitute  the  system  by 
which  w’ealth  is  produced  and  the  resources  of  the  earth  are 
made  available  to  mankind. 

Each  and  every  one  of  the  activities  of  mankind,  in  their 
present  stages,  are  necessary  one  to  the  others  in  order  that  the 
present  social  standard  be  maintained,  and  further  progress  be 
possible. 


8 


All  of  the  products  in  the  modern  world  can  be  reduced  to 
terms  of  food,  clothing,  shelter  and  culture.  All  the  productive 
processes  are  interlinked  and  interdependent.  The  kinship  of 
labor,  no  matter  where  or  how  employed,  is  established,  and  its 
social  importance  is  made  evident.  The  industries  constitute  the 
foundation  upon  which  the  structure  of  modern  civilization  is 
upreared.  But  the  industries  depend  upon  the  workers  who 
function  in  them.  Material  passes  from  hand  to  hand,  from  group 
to  group,  and  all  along  the  way  finished  products,  of  one  kind 
and  another,  are  made  available  for  human  use,  until  every  want 
and  need  of  modern  man  is  supplied. 

The  industrial  arrangement  is  not  a  haphazard,  happy-go- 
lucky  one,  but  an  ordered,  systematized,  harmonious  human 
mechanism  in  which  mechanical  factors  really  play  only  a 
subordinate  role.  The  laborer  is  the  indispensable  factor.  Part 
fits  to  part,  section  to  section,  industry  to  industry  and  depart¬ 
ment  to  department,  until  there  results  a  world-covering,  co¬ 
ordinated,  wealth  producing  system  which  depends  upon  the 
workers  of  the  world. 

These  workers  are  organized  by  the  capitalist  class  and  made 
to  function  for  the  benefit  of  that  class.  The  workers  ought  to, 
must  and  will,  organize  themselves  as  they  are  arranged  in  the 
industries,  so  that  they  will  be  enabled  to  function  in  their  own 
interest  and  for  their  own  benefit. 

The  chart  is  only  intended  to  approximate  the  outlines  of 
those  differentiations  which  we  term  industries — steel,  coal,  oil, 
textiles,  transportation,  etc. — whose  boundaries  are  not  rigidly 
set,  and  are  consequently  more  or  less  indeterminate.  . 

It  may  happen  that  in  this  rough  sketch  important  distinc¬ 
tions  may  appear  to  have  been  overlooked  while  in  other  instances 
there  may  seem  to  be  an  over-emphasis.  But  the  chart  is,  at  best, 
only  intended  to  approximate.  There  is  no  pretention  that  it  is 
exact  and  precise.  It  is  a  guide  to  rather  than  a  blue^-print  of 
the  capitalist  industrial  arrangement.  Changes  are  constantly 
occuring  and  new  alignments  follow  as  a  result.  The  intention 
of  the  I.  W.  W.  is  to  make  corresponding  changes  in  its  own 
structure  and  methods,  which  will  enable  the  workers  to  use  it 
for  emergencies  when  they  arise,  and  to  provide  an  effective  in¬ 
strument  for  their  use  at  all  times. 

In  presenting  this  plan  of  organization  of  industries  we  have 
in  mind  only  the  object  before  explained.  The  workers,  forced 
by  capitaist  ownership  of  the  means  of  production  must  organize 
themselves  in  all  the  industries  ifi  their  proper  places.  Their 

9 


places  in  industry  will  determine  their  places  in  the  working 
class  economic  organization. 

Every  worker  who  studies  this  chart  will  find  where  he  will 
fit  in  when  the  industries  are  organized  for  control  by  the 
workers  through  industrial  organization.  Of  course,  it  is  the 
ultimate  purpose  of  this  arrangement  that  each  worker  shall 
have  equal  rights,  and  equal  duties  also,  with  all  others  in  the 
management  and  operation  of  the  industry  in  which  he  or  she 
serves  in  the  process  of  production. 

Another  and  equally  important  purpose  is  to'  organize  the 
workers  in  such  a  way  that  all  the  members  of  the  organization 
in  any  one  industry,  or  in  all  industries  if  necessary,  cease  work 
whenever  a  strike  or  lockout  is  on  in  any  part  thereof,  thus 
making  an  injury  to  one  and  injury  to  all. 

This  can  only  be  accomplished  when  the  workers  organize 
by  industries  along  class  lines.  That  is  to  say,  all  the  workers 
in  any  one  industry  must  be  members  of  one  and  the  same  or¬ 
ganization — ^no  division  along  craft  lines.  The  capitalist  institu- 
ons  are  organized  today  in  this  manner.  The  industries  as  they 
are  g-ouped  today,  dovetailing  into  each  other,  furnish  to  the 
workers  the  basis  upon  which  they  must  construct  their  organiza¬ 
tion  for  the  struggles  of  today  for  better  living  conditions;  and 
for  the  supervision,  the  management  and  operation  of  industries 
in  a  future  industrial  commonwealth  of  workers  and  producers. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  PRODUCTS  IS  PART  OF  PRODUCTION 

All  natural  resources  of  the  soil,  mines  and  water  receive 
their  first  value  when  labor  is  applied  to  win  useful  things  from 
them. 

But  all  these  products  have  more  social  value  when  they  are 
transported  to  other  places  for  the  purposes  of  manufacture  and 
commerce;  where  they  are  transformed  and  converted  into  many 
commodities  for  exchange. 

The  life  of  human  beings  will  not  consist  only  of  common 
drudgery  when  all  the  good  things  created  by  the  workers  are 
available  to  them. 

For  all  purposes,  present  and  future,  the  functions  of  the 
public  service  institutions  have  to  be  defined  industrially  and 
the  people  engaged  in  their  maintenance  must  be  given  a  place 
in  the  industrial  organization,  the  same  as  those  who  take  care 
of  the  sick  and  disabled.  Those  who  render  social  service  are 
usefully  engaged,  altho  most  of  the  institutions  in  which  they 


serve  today  are  prostituted  for  the  protection  of  capitalist  in¬ 
terests. 

For  all  functions  combined,  the  industries  are  arranged  on  the 
general  plan  presented  in  the  chart,  as  follows: 

1.  The  Department  of  Agriculture,  Land,  Fisheries  and 
Water  Products. 

2.  The  Department  of  Mining. 

3.  The  Department  of  Construction. 

4.  The  Department  of  Manufacture  and  General  Produc¬ 
tion. 

5.  The  Department  of  Transportation  and  Communication. 

6.  The  Department  of  Public  Service. 

These  departments  again  have  their  subdivisions.  As  it  is 
proposed  that  the  workers  organize  in  accordance  with  the  in¬ 
dustries  in  which  they  are  serviceably  engaged,  it  is  essential 
that  a  general  term  shall  apply. 

The  term  Industrial  Union  is  therefore  applied  to  those  call¬ 
ings  where  the  labor  of  the  workers  is  expended  upon  the  same 
or  similar  basic  raw  material;  or  where  the  products  may  be 
included  under  a  general  designation,  as,  for  instance,  “metal 
goods,”  “food  products,”  etc. 

But  within  these  general  classifications  there  are  working 
groups  whose  industrial  contacts  are  more  intimate,  and  whose 
problems  are  consequently  more  special  to  them  than  to  other 
workers  in  the  same  industrial  union.  For  example,  in  I.  U.  No. 
440  the  workers  in  a  steel  plant  have  everyday  problems  which 
are  different  in  their  special  phases  and  aspects  than  those  of 
workers  in  a  jewelry  factory;  those  in  a  locomotive  works  have 
questions  to  deal  with  that  never  occur  in  a  plant  where  watches 
are  produced.  Or  again  the  packing  house  worker  and  the  cigar 
or  cigarette  worker,  have  different  everyday  problems. 

In  fact  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  under  the  general  classi¬ 
fications  there  are  included  many  callings  wherein  the  special 
needs  of  the  workers  demand  an  organization  arrangement 
whereby  they  may  readily  and  effectively  use  their  organized 
power  in  their  own  behalf.  An  organization  must  afford  ready 
expression  to  the  workers  who  compose  it.  There  the  industrial 
unions  are  arranged  by  Sections.  Thus  we  have  Steel  Workers 
Section;  I.  U.  No.  440;  Packinghouse  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No. 
460;  Etc. 

The  Sections  include  all  workers  of  every  labor  classification 


11 


necessary  for  the  production  of  any  commodity  or  commodities, 
or  for  the  rendering  of  any  service.  This  system  of  organization 
enables  the  workers  in  recognized  industrial  groups  to  advance 
their  interests,  and  assures  them,  through  the  general  organiza¬ 
tion,  sufficient  industrial  support  to  enable  them  to  do  so. 

Each  Section  comprises,  as  stated,  all  workers  necessary  to  a 
product  or  products,  but  will  not  separate  or  divide  them.  It  is 
not  division  but  co-ordination  that  results  when  this  arrangement 
is  followed. 

It  is  impossible,  at  this  stage,  to  eliminate  entirely  the  terms 
now  used  to  designate  certain  functions  which  different  sets  of 
workers  perform  in  each  industry.  But  it  must  be  distinctly  un¬ 
derstood  that  this  is  not  meant  to  imply  that  these  groups  will 
organize,  as  has  been  the  case  heretofore,  in  craft  organiza¬ 
tions  within  the  industries,  or  according  to  the  tools  that  each 
set  of  workers  uses.  That  would  mean  the  maintenance  of  craft 
division  under  another  name.  A  worker  in  an  industry  will  be 
assigned  to  the  Section  representing  the  product  or  products  of 
that  Section  in  the  industry.  The  Industrial  Union  includes  all 
Sections  and  welds  them  into  a  unified,  cohesive,  co-ordinated 
industrial  force. 

When  the  several  classifications  of  workers  engaged  in  a 
particular  industrial  production  organize  industrially  all  are 
subject  to  the  rules  governing  the  affairs  of  that  industry.  But 
certain  fundamental  rules  and  principles  governing  the  “One 
Big  Union  of  Workers’'  cannot  be  infringed  upon  by  any  of  its 
component  parts  without  doing  injury  to  the  whole  organic  body. 

Still  another  point  to  be  made  clear:  The  process  of  produc¬ 
tion  does  not  cease  until  the  finished  product  reaches  the  con¬ 
sumer.  All  workers  engaged  in  the  process  of  distribution  of 
any  certain  product  are  members  of  the  same  Section  of  the  In¬ 
dustrial  Union  in  which  the  makers  of  the  commodity  are  or¬ 
ganized. 

Of  course,  the  railroad  and  water-transportation  will  be 
in  the  Transportation  Department,  although  it  might  be  said 
that  they  also  are  engaged  in  the  process  of  distribution.  But 
here  is  the  difference:  railroad  atid  marine  transportation  con¬ 
nects  localities  and  countries  without  regard  to  particular  pro¬ 
ducts.  Their  function  is  general  distribution,  and  is  essentially 
of  a  social  character.  But  those  workers  who  are  engaged  in 
transporting  particular  products  from  their  places  of  com¬ 
pletion  to  the  consumers,  are  part  and  parcel  of  the  working 

12 


force,  and  are  included  with  the  workers  organized  in  that  Sec¬ 
tion  of  a  given  industrial  union. 

But  in  municipal  and  interurban  transportation  there  are 
workers  engaged  in  conveying  goods,  who  have  no  established 
connection  with  any  particular  product  or  set  of  products.  These 
come  under  the  head  of  transport  workers.  For  instance,  a  sales¬ 
man  or  clerk  in  a  shoe  store  would  be  a  member  of  the  industrial 
union  section  in  which  all  workers  engaged  in  the  shoe  industry 
are  organized.  A  teamster  delivering  meats,  or  other  goods  from 
a  grocery  would  be  in  the  organization  in  which  all  the  food¬ 
stuff  workers  of  that  particular  branch  are  organized.  But  a 
truck  driver,  whoi  may  haul  a  shipment  containing  mixed  pro¬ 
ducts  from  one  depot  to  another  and  between  times  hauls  general 
merchandise,  performs  the  work  of  a  transport  worker,  and  as 
such  organizes  under  that  head. 

With  these  necessary  explanations,  suggestive  of  a  better 
understanding  of  the  plan  of  organization,  one  will  be  able  to 
see  far  better  how  and  why  industries  are  grouped  on  the  ac¬ 
companying  chart. 

I. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE,  LAND,  FISHERIES  AND 

WATER  PRODUCTS,  100 

Agricultural  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  110 

All  workers  on  farms,  irrigation  work,  cotton  and  sugar 
plantations  or  engaged  in  the  raising  of  cattle,  live  stock  etc.  ; 
on  fowl  and  bird  farms;  on  dairy  farms;  fruit  orchards,  etc. 

Lumber  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  120 

All  workers  in  forests — lumber  cruisers,  rangers,  foresters, 
etc.;  all  workers  engaged  in  logging  operations,  in  saw  and 
shingle  mills,  and  in  preparing  wood  for  fuel  and  manufactur¬ 
ing  purposes;  collectors  of  sap,  bark,  etc. 

Fishery  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  130 

All  workers  in  fisheries  and  fishing  pursuits  on  oceans,  lakes 
and  rivers;  oyster  and  clam-bed  keepers.  Workers  engaged  in 
the  collecting  of  pearls,  corals  and  sponges.  Workers  in  fish 
hatcheries,  divers,  etc. 

Floral  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  140 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  garden  and  land 
tracts  devoted  to  the  raising  of  flowers,  etc.;  and  all  workers 
engaged  in  the  distribution  of  floral  products. 

13 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MINING  AND  MINERALS,  No.  200 


Metal  Mine  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  210 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  mining  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
lead,  zinc,  tin,  platinum,  iron,  etc.,  etc.;  in  mills,  smelters,  re¬ 
fineries  and  other  reduction  works.  For  the  present  this  division 
also  includes  quarry  workers  and  such  as  are  engaged  in  the 
mining  of  salt,  sulphur,  clay,  borax,  mica,  bromide,  graphite, 
hoda,  gypsum,  asphalt,  limestone,  sandstone,  whetstone,  marble, 
onyx,  slates,  building  stone,  granite,  etc.  All  precious  gems, 
salines,  salt,  and  soda  dry  works,  etc. 

Coal  Mines  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  220 

All  workers  engaged  in  coal  mining,  lignite,  anthracite,  bi¬ 
tuminous,  etc.;  in  the  production  of  coke,  briquettes,  peat  and 
turf,  and  in  the  distribution  of  these  products. 

Oil  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  230 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  production  of  oil;  workers  oh 
oil  and  gas  wells;  pipe  lines,  refineries,  filters,  etc. — and  in  the 
distribution  of  these  products. 

...  DEPARTMENT  OF  GENERAL  CONSTRUCTION,  No.  310 

Railroad,  Road  and  Tunnel  Construction  Workers  Industrial 

Union,  No.  310 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  construction  of  docks,  railroads, 
highways,  levees,  streets,  bridges,  sewers,  subways,  tunnels, 
canals,  viaducts,  irrigation  ditches,  etc. 

Shipbuilding  Workers  Industrial  Union,  No.  320 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  building  of  ships  and  steamers, 
boats,  and  launches;  and  in  the  repairing  of  them. 

Building  Construction  Workers’  Industrial  Union  No.  330 

All  workers  engaged  in  erecting  and  constructing  houses  and 
buildings,  and  the  delivery  of  building  materials;  plumbers, 
steam  and  sprinkler  fitters,  architects,  excavators,  stone  masons, 
bricklayers,  hod  carriers,  electricians,  painters,  iron  and  con¬ 
crete  workers,  etc. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MANUFACTURE  AND  GENERAL 

PRODUCTION,  No.  400 

NOTE: — If  this  Department  be  subdivided  in  industrial 
unions  only  there  would  have  been  no  provision  made  for  work¬ 
ers  in  the  various  industrial  sections,  who,  while  included  in  the 

14 


Industrial  Union,  still  have  problems  peculiar  to  their  own  activi¬ 
ties,  and  require  an  arrangement  which  will  enable  them  to 
meet  and  deal  with  these  problems  as  they  arise.  The  industrial 
unions  in  this  Department  include  so  many  diversified  callings 
that  uhless  the  various,  well-defined  groups  are  equipped  with 
organization  groupings  which  will  easily  and  readily  enable 
them  to  find  industrial  expression  they  will  be  loth  to  organize. 
Organization  of  the  working  class  must  necessarily  reflect  the 
capitalist  arrangemetit  in  industry.  It  must  not  lag  behind,  nor 
should  it  anticipate.  In  doing  either  it  would  forfeit  its  claim 
to  being  scientiflc. 

Therefore,  by  sectionalizing  these  industrial  unions  we  are 
enabled  to  arrange  the  workers  upon  each  kind  of  raw  material 
until  it  has  been  converted  into  a  finished  product  and  ready 
for  use,  whether  these  products  be  food,  clothing  or  instruments 
of  production.  The  several  sections  of  any  given  industrial 
union  are  thus  put  in  the  position  where  the  workers  can  accom¬ 
plish  the  maximum  of  benefit  for  themselves,  and  are  qualified 
to  render  greatest  support  to  their  associated  sections  in  the 
industrial  union  and  to  any  other  set  (or  sets)  of  workers  as 
well. 


TEXTILE  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  No.  410 

A.  Fabric  Workers’  Section;  L  U.  No.  410 

All  workers  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  silk,  linen, 
cotton,  wool  and  worsted  fabrics,  mule-spinners,  loom-fixers, 
weavers,  warpers,  carders,  sorters,  office  workers,  etc.  All  work¬ 
ers  in  dye-houses,  including  chemists,  inspectors;  also  all  work¬ 
ers  employed  in  the  making  of  knitted  wear,  passementerie  work¬ 
ers,  wood  silk  workers,  etc. 

B.  Clothing  Workers’  Section;  1.  U.  No  410 

All  workers  employed  in  the  making  of  garments  of  silk, 
artificial  silk,  linen,  cotton,  and  woolen  fabrics,  such  as  clothing 
workers,  shirt  and  collar  workers,  dress  and  cloak  makers,  etc. ; 
also  all  salesmen,  clerks,  stenogaphers  in  these  establishments 
and  the  places  of  distribution. 

C.  Fur,  Felt,  and  Straw  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  410 

All  workers  employed  in  establishments  where  wearing  ap¬ 
parel  is  made  of  fur,  felt,  straw — furriers,  glove  makers,  hat 
makers,  straw  hat  makers;  milinery  workers,  etc. 

15 


WOOD  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  No.  420 


A.  Furniture  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  420 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture  and 
office  equipment,  including  salesmen,  office  workers  and  distri¬ 
butors. 

B.  Piano  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  420 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  production  of  pianos,  player 
pianos,  graphophones,  etc.,  case  makers,  inspectors,  tuners,  pol¬ 
ishers,  movers,  salesmen,  office  workers,  etc. 

C.  Planing  Mill  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  420 

All  workers  in  and  around  planing  mills,  molding  factories, 
cabinet  shops,  picture  frame  factories,  etc. 

CHEMICAL  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  No.  430 


A.  Drug,  Medicine  and  Perfume  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  430 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and  distribution  of 
drugs,  medicines,  perfumes  and  kindred  products. 

B.  Rubber  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  430 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  rubber  goods  of 
every  kind  and  description,  such  as  auto  tires,  rubber  boots, 
bands,  etc.,  and  in  the  distribution  of  these  products. 

C.  Explosive  Workers’  Section  ;  I.  U.  No.  430 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  production  and  distribution  of 
powder,  dynamite,  gelignite  and  other  explosives. 

D.  Paper  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  430 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  production  of  paper  and  paper 
products  for  printing  and  commercial  purposes. 

METAL  AND  MACHINERY  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL 

UNION  No.  440 

All  workers  employed  on  metal  products  such  as:  Bench 
hands,  core  makers,  machinists,  polishers,  floor  men,  spinners, 
moulders,  rollers,  helpers,  milling  machine  hands,  punch  press 
operators,  drill  press  hands,  lathe  hands,  office  help,  assemblers, 
inspectors,  truckers,  chippers,  testers,  draftsmen,  hammermen, 
electric  welders,  specialists,  blacksmiths,  goldsmiths,  silver¬ 
smiths,  laborers,  etc.,  which  are  common  to  all,  or  nearly  all 
sections. 


16 


A.  Steel  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  440 

All  workers  in  and  around  blast  furnaces,  steel  mills,  rolling 
mills,  tin-plate  mills  and  all  steel  by-products,  etc. 

B.  Engine  and  Machinery  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  440 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  production  of  locomotives,  (steam 
and  electric)  railway  cars  and  equipment,  stationary  engines, 
steam  shovels,  machinery,  machine  tools,  cranes,  etc. 

C.  Automobile,  Aircraft  and  Vehicle  Workers’  Section; 

I.  U.  No.  440 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  automobiles, 
trucks,  tractors,  motorcycles,  bicycles,  airplanes,  vehicles  of 
all  kinds  and  all  accessories  and  equipment. 

D.  General  Metal  Product  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  440 

All  workers  employed  in  making  general  metal* products ; 
watch  and  jewelry  factories,  and  in  the  manufacture .  of  in¬ 
struments,  utensils,  gold  and  silver  products,  etc. 


PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHING  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL 

UNION  No.  450 

A.  Newspaper  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  450 

All  workers  on  newspapers  and  periodicals:  Compositors, 
linotypers,  pressmen,  cartoonists,  photographers,  proofreaders, 
office  workers,  reporters,  writers,  engineers,  firemen,  electricians, 
janitors,  delivery  men,  etc. 

B.  Book  and  Catalogue  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  450 

All  workers  employed  in  publishing  houses,  other  than  news¬ 
paper  establishments. 


FOODSTUFF  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  No.  460 

A.  Packinghouse  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  460 

This  section  comprises  all  workers  employed  in  meat  pack¬ 
ing  establishments,  including  all  the  workers  in  every  depart¬ 
ment;  dairy  and  milk  depot  workers  and  deliverers;  all  workers 
in  fish-packing  places,  etc. 

B.  Flour,  Cereal  and  Bakery  Workers’  Section;  1.  U.  No.  460 

All  workers  in  flour  and  cereal  mills,  bakeries,  biscuit  fac¬ 
tories,  candy  and  confectionery  establishments,  sugar  refineries, 
fruit  packing  and  canning  plants.  This  section,  like  all  others, 

17 


includes  engineers,  firemen,  milkers,  truckers,  bakers,  deliverers, 
mechanics,  clerks,  coopers,  etc. 

C.  Beverage  Workers*  Section;  I.  U.  No.  460 

All  workers  employed  in  distilleries,  breweries,  malthouses, 
vinegar,  cider  and  ginger  factories ;  all  workers  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  sodas,  soft  fermented  drinks,  and  distribution 
of  these  products. 

D.  Tobacco  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  460 

All  workers  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  prod¬ 
ucts:  Cigarmakers,  stogie  makers,  cigarette  makers  and  all 
other  workers  in  tobacco  factories  including  clerks  in  tobacco 
retail  establishments,  distributors,  etc. 

E.  Hotel  and  Restaurant  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  460 

All  workers  employed  in  hotels,  restaurants,  cafeterias, 
boarding  houses,  lunch  rooms,  domestic  service,  etc. — cooks, 
waiters,  housemen,  pantrymen,  dishwashers,  clerks,  maids,  por¬ 
ters,  janitors,  etc.;  chauffeurs  and  baggage  haulers,  when  em¬ 
ployed  in  hotel  service  exclusively. 

LEATHER  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  No.  470 

A.  Tannery  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  470 

All  workers  employed  in  tanneries,  etc. 

B.  Boot  and  Shoe  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  470 

All  workers  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  boots,  shoes, 
slippers  and  leather  footwear. 

C.  Trunk  and  Bag  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  470 

All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  trunks,  bags, 
cases,  salesmen’s  and  travellers’  leather  supplies,  including,  of 
course,  clerks,  teamsters,  chauffeurs,  engineers,  and  all  other 
workers. 

D.  Harness  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  470 

All  workers  engaged  in  harness  making  establishments,  belt 
makers,  etc. 

GLASS  AND  POTTERY  WORKERS’  INDUSTRIAL 

UNION  No.  480 

# 

A.  Glass  Workers’  Section;  I.  U.  No.  480 

All  workers  employed  in  the  making  of  glasswares — flint 
glass,  green  glass,  window  glass  and  plate  glass, — furnace  men, 

18 


mixers,  blowers,  gatherers,  cappers,  snappers,  flattehers,  polish¬ 
ers,  and  all  other  workers  in  glass  making  establishments. 

B.  Pottery  Workers*  Section;  I.  U.  No.  480 

All  workers  in  potteries,  porcelain  factories,  chinaware  fac¬ 
tories,  and  including  designers,  decorators,  office  workers,  clerks, 
salesmen,  teamsters,  chauffeurs,  etc. 

C.  Tile  and  Brick  Workers*  Section;  I.  U.  No.  480 

All  wokers  in  and  around  brick  yards,  tile  and  terra  cotta 
works,  cement  plants,  etc. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  TRANSPORTATION  AND  COM¬ 
MUNICATION,  500 

Marine  Transport  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  510 

All  workers  engaged  in  marine  transportation,  steam,  motor, 
sailing  ships,  submarines,  etc.;  docks,  wharves;  longshoremen, 
clerks;  all  workers  in  this  industry. 

Railroad  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  520 

All  workers  engaged  in  long  distance  railways,  steam  and 
electric ;  third  rail  and  trolley,  in  freight  and  passenger  service ; 
locomotive  car  and  repair  shops;  passenger  and  freight  yard 
service ;  car  cleaning,  freight  sheds;  passenger  stations  and  office 
forces,  etc. 

Telegraph  and  Telephone  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  530 

All  workers  engaged  in  postal  telegraph,  telephone,  wire¬ 
less,  etc.  All  workers  in  this  industry. 

Municipal  Transportation  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  540 

All  workers  engaged  in  municipal,  short  distance  transporta¬ 
tion  service ;  street  cars,  elevated  roads,  subways,  sidewalks,  etc. 

Aerial  Navigation  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  550 

All  workers  employed  in  aerial  navigation. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  SERVICE,  600 

Health  and  Sanitation  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  610 

All  workers  engaged  in  hospitals  and  health  restoration  ser¬ 
vices;  physicians,  surgeons,  internes,  nurses,  attendants,  clerks, 
janitors,  etc. 

Park  sold  Highway  Maintenance  W^orkers*  I.  U.  No.  620 

All  workers  engaged  in  street  cleaning  in  parks  and  on  street 
crossings. 


19 


Educational  Workers’  I.  U.  No.  630 

All  workers  in  educational  institutio’ns,  schools,  colleges,  uni¬ 
versities  and  other  institutions  of  learning. 


General  Distribution  Workers*  I.  U.  No.  640 

All  workers  engaged  in  general  distribution,  departmeht 
stores;  packers,  drivers,  clerks,  salesmen,  etc. 

Public  Utility  Workers’  I.  U.  No.  650 

All  workers  engaged  in  municipal,  water  and  electric  sup¬ 
ply  service ;  waterworks,  public  service  works,  etc. 

Amusement  Workers*  I.  U.  No  660 

All  workers  in  theaters,  playhouses  and  motion  pictures; 
and  other  places  of  amusemeht  and  recreation. 


CONCLUSION 

When  now  and  then  advocates  of  a  better  system  of  society 
refer  to  the  new  unionism  they  do  it,  in  most  cases,  without 
knowing  fully  the  distinction  between  the  old  kind  of  unionism 
and  the  unionism  that  advocates — One  Big  Industrial  Union  for 
the  Entire  Working  Class  the  World  Over.  But,  even  if  the 
critics  of  this  plan  of  action  disagree  with  this  booklet  as  to  the 
means  to  attain  the  desired  end,  they  can  no  longer  plead  that 
there  never  has  been  any  literature  presented  in  which  the 
program  of  the  industrial  unionists  has  been  enunciated. 

Organize  industrially!  Organize  right!  This  is  the  call 
to  the  downtrodden,  heard  all  over  the  world.  In  increasing 
numbers  the  proletariat  of  every  country  is  enlightening  itself 
on  the  subject,  and  everywhere  workers  are  preparing  for  organ¬ 
izations  in  which  they  will  find  the  embodiment  of  their  collective 
power  and  the  instrument  for  direct  economic  action,  just  as  oc¬ 
casion  and  conditions  may  command.  All  countries  of  the  world 
are  governed  only  in  the  interests  of  the  small  class  controlling 
industrial  combinations.  Whenever  the  workers  aimed  heavy 
blows  at  these  interests  directly,  that  is,  when  they  refused  to 
serve,  temporarily,  in  the  production  pocess  of  these  industries 
the  exploiting  class  all  over  the  world  burst  out  in  frantic 
denunciations  of  the  forces  that  had  so  little  regard  for  capitalist 
property. 

The  industrial  unionists  propose  to  organize  the  workers  for 
more  militant  action  within  present-day  society,  so  that  with 

20 


every  advance  gained,  the  workers  will  gain  an  appetite  for 
more  ahd  for  all,  and  will  find  the  means  to  get  it. 

And  in  all  these  days  of  unrest  and  struggle  the  industrialists 
are  preparing  the  administrative  agencies  for  the  industrial  com¬ 
monwealth.  Industrial  representatives  elected  by  the  workers, 
organized  in  their  industrial  unions,  will  constitute  the  industrial 
management  of  the  future,  the  workers’  control  in  municipal, 
national  and  international  affairs. 


STUDY  THE  CHART 

Observe  how  commercialism — the  main  factor  in  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  capitalist  system  of  production — encircles  the  whole 
globe,  with  the  means  and  tributaries  at  its  service: 

Transportation  facilities  as  the  messengers  for  the  exchange 
of  products  between  countries  and  continents  know  no  boundary 
lines — land,  water  and  air  have  been  conquered  and  rendered 
servants  of  the  monstrous  forces  behind  the  prevailing  industrial 
system  of  production  and  exchange. 

Industrial  development  has  no  regard  for  boundary  lines  be¬ 
tween  political  territories. 

National  dividing  lines  disappear  before  the  invincible  force 
of  the  industrial  conquerer. 

Continents  so  long  separated  by  landmarks  and  obstacles  of 
natural  origin  are  linked  and  joined  together  by  the  gigantic 
welding  power  of  the  international  transportation  and  com¬ 
munication  of  modern  times. 

But  the  functions  of  that  agent  of  the  present  social  system 
are  still  today  confined  to  the  service  of  profit-production  for 
a  few. 

What  still  remains  in  the  minds  of  mankind,  as  a  force 

s 

for  separate  nationalities,  is  merely  imaginary. 

'A  heavy  load  of  traditional  falsehoods,  holding  living  human 
beings  in  a  bondage  of  ignominious,  deep-rooted  and  ingeniously 
fostered  intellectual  enslavement — and  hence  also  in  industrial 
serfdom  must  disappear;  national  separation  must  be  swept 
aside  by  the  advancing  forces  of  international  co-operation  be¬ 
fore  the  highest  and  most  marvelous  stages  of  industrial  develop¬ 
ment,  social  progress  and  perfection  in  the  utilization  of  all  ele¬ 
ments  subservient  to  the  creative  powers  of  mankind  can  be 
achieved  and  a  higher  order  of  civilization  be  established. 


21 


ANOTHER  INTERNATIONAL  LINK 


Observe  also  how  a  second  force  binds  the  world’s  component 
parts  into  one  inseparable  whole.  Science  and  scientific  research 
and  discoveries  are  the  international  agencies  by  which  the 
riddles  and  miracles  of  the  uhiverse  in  all  their  variations  and 
magnitude  are  being  solved  ahd  explained.  Institutions  of  learn¬ 
ing,  schools  and  universities  are  linked  together  by  the  uni¬ 
formity  of  fundamental  laws  governing  science  and  the  dissemi¬ 
nation  of  knowledge  and  discoveries. 

Likewise  are  evils  and  afflictions,  springing  from  the  same 
common  sources,  suffered  alike  by  human  beings  throughout  the 
world.  Remedies  and  means  of  prevention  must,  consequently, 
assume  the  character  of  international  agencies,  deriving  their 
support  from  the  necessity  of  eliminating  and  curing  these  evils, 
and  of  removing  the  cause  for  their  existence. 

Hospitals  as  curing  stations;  cleaning,  sanitary  and  protective 
agencies  as  institutions  for  prevention;  the  supply  stations  of 
water,  light  and  other  means  of  public  need  are  therefore  joined 
together  with  the  institutions  of  learning,  and  with  the  agencies 
for  recreation  and  amusement,  into  one  great  chain  of  inter¬ 
national  interdependence,  and  are  formed  and  maintained  in 
the  pursuit  of  functions,  preventative  as  well  as  beneficial,  as  the 
promoters  and  protectors  of  social  interests  and  universal  weal. 


FOUR  CARDINAL  FUNCTIONS 

Observe,  then,  how  in  the  complex  process  of  production  of 
the  necessities  of  life  four  cardinal  functions  comprise  the  inter¬ 
locking  chain  of  industrial  activity,  through  which  the  resources 
of  the  earth  must  run  before  their  ultimate  use. 

A.  From  the  soil,  the  woods  and  waters  all  material  re¬ 
quired  for  producing  purposes  is  secured  by  the  labor  of  the  mil¬ 
lions  serving  in  the  social  process  in  raising  and  procuring  the 
raw  products  for  food,  raiment  and  shelter. 

B.  — From  the  bowels  and  the  treasures  of  the  earth  labor 
puts  out  the  material  for  fuel  and  the  essential  things  which, 
after  being  transformed,  comprise  the  implements  and  machin¬ 
ery  of  production  and  distribution. 

C— With  the  matter  thus  furnished  production  proper  for  the 
providing  of  all  necessary  things  of  life  and  comfort  is  carried 

22 


on  in  the  various,  but  interdependent  places  of  production,  mills 
and  factories. 

D. — With  all  these  things  combined  the  constructive  hand  of 
labor  builds  the  houses  of  shelter  for  the  protection  of  human 
life  and  material  wealth  against  the  adversities  of  nature’s  forces, 
and  harnesses  them  to  render  service  for  social  good. 


LABOR  THE  SOLE  PRODUCER 

To  all  of  the  making  and  development  of  these  social  institu¬ 
tions  the  workers,  and  they  alone,  contribute  their  Intellectual 
and  their  manual  labor.  They  have  created  the  instruments  to 
produce  wealth  with,  impoved  them  as  time  rolled  by  and  used 
them  always  as  wealth  producers. 

These  institutions  are  now  organized  in  their  operative  func- 
tio'ns  to  yield  profits  for  a  few  who  never  did,  nor  ever  willingly 
shall  contribute  to  their  making  and  m.aintenance,  except  in  a 
manner  to  protect  them  in  the  possession  of  things  that  they  did 
not,  and  do  not  Intend  to  make  or  to  use. 

The  human  forces  rendering  these  instruments,  agencies  and 
implements  useful  to  all  society,  and  adding  value  to  matter 
and  the  forces  of  nature,  are  divorced  from  their  creations  by 
powerful  combinations  of  parasitic  nature,  by  which  a  few  con¬ 
trol  all  industrial  life  through  the  means  that  they  have  organ¬ 
ized  and  subjected  to  their  rulership.  Against  these  hostile 
powers  the  workers  must  organize  their  own  resources  and  their 
own  collective  power,  i'n  organizations  embracing  all  useful 
members  of  society  and  wealth  producers. 


THE  MISSION  OF  THE  WORKING  CLASS 

A  labor  organization  to  correctly  represent  the  working  class 

must  have  two  things  in  view. 

First:  It  must  combine  the  wage-workers  in  such  a  way 
that  it  can  most  successfully  fight  the  battles  and  protect  the 
interests  of  the  workers  of  to-day  in  their  struggle  for  fewer 
hours  of  toil,  more  wages  and  better  conditions. 

Secondly:  It  must  offer  a  final  solution  of  the  labor  problem 
— an  emancipation  from  strikes,  injunctions,  bull-pens  and  scab¬ 
bing  of  workers  against  other  workers. 

Observe,  how  this  organization  will  give  recognition  to  con- 

23 


trol  of  shop  affairs,  provide  perfect  industrial  unionism  and  con¬ 
verge  the  strength  of  all  organized  -workers  to  a  common  center, 
from  which  any  weak  point  can  be  strengthened  and  protected. 

Observe,  also,  how  the  growth  and  development  of  this  or¬ 
ganization  will  build  within  itself  the  structure  of  an  industrial 
democracy,  which  must  finally  burst  the  shell  of  capitalist  society 
and  be  the  agency  by  which  the  workers  will  operate  the  in¬ 
dustries  and  appropriate  the  product  to  themselves. 

One  obligation  for  all. 

A  union  man  once  and  in  one  industry;  a  union  man  always 
and  in  all  industries.  Universal  transfers,  universal  emblem. 

All  workers  of  one  industry  in  one  union;  all  unions  of 
workers  in  one  big  labor  alliance  the  world  over. 

Industrial  unionism  is  not  confined  to  one  country.  The  best 
expression  of  it  is  found  in  America,  in  the  Industrial  Workers 
of  the  World,  although  the  organization  may  appear  to  be  still 
weak,  numerically.  But  the  conditions  for  the  advent  of  the 
industrial  revolutionary  union  are  most  promising,  because  the 
most  advanced  and  highly  developed  industrial  system  of  pro¬ 
duction  is  bound  to  find  its  counterpart  in  a  similar  perfected 
organization  of  the  working  class  on  the  industrial  field. 

As  presented  in  this  booklet,  these  institutions  for  wealth 
production,  so  well  organized,  so  masterfully  constructed,  sug¬ 
gest  the  best  form  of  industrial  organizations  for  the  workers. 

Industries  are  organized  in  29  subdivisions,  or  industrial 
unions. 

This  arrangement  is  not  arbitrariy  fixed,  or  the  product  of 
one  man’s  notion.  The  best  tabulations  of  statistical  experts  of 
different  countries  have  been  consulted,  and  the  systematic 
arrangement  will  stand  the  test  of  scientific  investigation. 

Of  course,  it  has  been  stated,  and  is  herewith  reiterated  that 
this  arrangement  of  industrial  organization  of  workers  would 
also  apure  the  most  effective  solidarity  of  all  producing  forces 
in  their  defensive  and  aggressive  struggles  for  the  amelioration 
of  the  evils^  they  suffer  under,  evils  inherent  in  the  capitalist 
system  of  distribution  of  the  commodities  created  by  labor. 

When  the  workers  organize  in  industrial  unions,  copied  from 
the  institutions  in  which  they  are  employed,  they  will  be  able  to 
stand  together  as  powerful  industrial  combinations  in  their 
skirmishes  for  better  working  conditions  in  any  one  industry. 
Not  separated  by  craft  divisions  or  restrained  by  trade  union 
contract  with  the  exploiters,  they  will  not  only  be  able  to  curtail 
production  on  a  small  scale  and  thus  also  the  profits  of  the  em- 

24 


ployers  of  labor,  but  they  will  abruptly  stop  production  alto¬ 
gether,  if  hecessary,  in  any  one  industry,  or  in  all  industries  of 
a  locality,  or  of  a  nation;  or  they  can,  when  they  are  powerful 
enough,  shut  the  factories  against  the  present  employers  and 
commence  production  for  use. 

The  workers,  though,  must  wipe  out,  as  a  first  duty  to  them¬ 
selves,  all  craft  demarcation  lines,  the  remnants  of  a  by-gone 
age.  Unhampered  by  that  straitjacket  they  can  then  develop 
and  organize  their  industrial  power.  But  that  power  must  be 
guided  in  its  use  and  exercise  by  the  collective  intelligence  which 
will  develop  simultaneously  with  the  generation  of  power. 
Equipped  with  the  power  of  an  industrial  organization,  with  the 
knowledge  gained  in  the  everyday  struggle  against  the  oppres¬ 
sors,  they  will  successfully  strive  for  a  higher  standard  of  life 
conditions,  within  this  system,  and  they  can  master  things  and 
forces  so  that  they  will  reach  the  final  goal  of  all  effortS:~com- 
plete  industrial  emancipation. 

Hundreds  of  thousands  of  workers  in  every  civilized  country 
are  beginning  to  understand  the  principles  of  industrial  unionism. 
Thousands  are  organizing  for  the  battle  of  to-day,  for  better  con¬ 
ditions,  and  for  the  final  clash  in  the  future  when  the  general 
lockout  of  the  parasite-class  of  non-producers  will  end  the  con¬ 
test  for  industrial  possession  and  class  supremacy. 

You  are  one  of  the  millions  needed  to  accomplish  the  task, — 
join  the  industrial  union  composed  of  workers  in  the  shop  or 
plant  where  you  work.  If  none  exists,  be  the  first  to  get  busy. 
Get  others,  and  help  them  to  organize  themselves.  Learn  to 
tackle  the  industrial  problems.  Show  others  how  the  workers 
will  be  able  to  run  the  industrial  plants  through  the  agencies  of 
their  own  creation,  locally,  nationally,  internationally — ^the 
world  over. 

There  are  organizations  almost  everywhere ;  and  where  there 
are  none,  they  will  be  formed.  In  the  industrial  union  move¬ 
ment  alone  will  the  workers  forge  the  instrument,  and  train  them¬ 
selves  for  the  use  of  all  and  every  industrial  weapon  that  can 
be  utilized  in  the  struggle  for  a  better  world.  In  the  industrial 
union  movement  the  workers  will  strictly  adhere  to  the  great 
words  of  a  great  thinker: 

‘The  emancipation  of  the  workers  must  be  achieved  by  the 
working  class  itself. 

“Workers  of  the  World,  Unite!” 


25 


THE  PREAMBLE 

OF  THE  INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS  OP  THE  WORLD 


The  working  class  and  the  employing  class  have  nothing 
in  common.  There  can  be  no  peace  so  long  as  hunger  and 
want  are  found  among  millions  of  working  people  and  the 
few,  who  make  up  the  employing  class,  have  all  the  good 
things  of  life. 

Between  these  two  classes  a  struggle  must  go  on  until 
the  workers  of  the  world  organize  as  a  class,  take  posses¬ 
sion  of  the  earth  and  the  machinery  of  production,  and 
abolish  the  wage  system. 

We  find  that  the  centering  of  management  of  the  indus¬ 
tries  into  fewer  and  fewer  hands  makes  the  trade  unions 
unable  to  cope  with  the  ever  growing  power  of  the  employ¬ 
ing  class.  The  trade  unions  foster  a  state  of  affairs  which 
allows  one  set  of  workers  to  be  pitted  against  another  set 
of  workers  in  the  same  industry,  thereby  helping  defeat 
one  another  in  wage  wars.  Moreover,  the  trade  unions  aid 
the  employing  class  to  mislead  the  workers  into  the  be¬ 
lief  that  the  working  class  have  interests  in  common  with 
their  employers.  ^  ~ 

These  conditions  can  be  changed  and  the  interest  of  the 
working  class  upheld  only  by  an  organization  formed  in 
such  a  way  that  all  its  members  in  any  one  industry,  or 
in  all  industries  if  necessary,  cease  work  whenever  a  strike 
or  lockout  is  on  in  any  department  thereof,  thus  making 
an  injury  to  one  an  injury  to  all. 

Instead  of  the  conservative  motto,  “A  fair  day’s  wage 
for  a  fair  day’s  work,”  we  must  inscribe  on  our  banner  the 
revolutionary  watchword,  “Abolition  of  the  wage  system.” 

It  is  the  historic  mission  of  the  working  class  to  do  away 
with  capitalism.  The  army  of  production  must  be  organ¬ 
ized,  not  only  for  the  every-day  struggle  with  capitalists, 
but  also  to  carry  on  production  when  capitalism  shall  have 
been  overthrown.  By  organizing  industrially  we  are  form¬ 
ing  the  structure  of  the  new  society  within  the  shell  of 
the  old. 


For  all  information  regarding  the  Industrial  Workers  of  the 
World  referred  to  ii^  this  booklet,  write  to  General  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  1001  W.  Madison  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois. 


26 


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